Urgent health update: Consequences of war on Gaza, West Bank/East Jerusalem-March 15, 2025

ACTION ITEM FOR THE WEEK

3/8, Homeland Security agents abducted Mahmoud Khalil, a US permanent resident and Columbia University student activist for Palestinian rights, from his New York apartment. Targeted for his political speech and activism to end the Israeli genocide in Gaza, Mahmoud was spirited off to an ICE facility in Louisiana, denied access to legal support, and although a judge has ordered a delay, is threatened with deportation. This attempted disappearance is the action of a fascist government. Only overwhelming public outrage and pressure will ensure Mahmoud's release, provide protection to other activists, and maintain our civil rights.

1) Use the JVP email link to demand your elected officials do everything in their power to free Mahmoud and protect student activists and immigrants. here

2) Sign this petition to release Mahmoud Khalil, now signed by over 3.2 million people. here

3) Also sign this letter for the academic community from Not in Our Name. here

Reports & Journal Articles

Office for the High Commissioner of Human Rights: “More than a human can bear”: Israel's systematic use of sexual, reproductive and other forms of gender-based violence since 7 October 2023 here

A report by the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory claimed Israel carried out "genocidal acts" against Palestinians by systematically destroying women's healthcare facilities in Gaza, and used sexual violence as a war strategy through forced public stripping and sexual assault. here

In an article published online in The Lancet, Alaha Nasari of Harvard University, Sammer Marzouk of Northwestern University, and Mads Gilbert of the University Hospital of North Norway argue that the current ceasefire in Gaza offers a critical opportunity to redesign the region’s health system. The authors call for a resilient, equitable, and autonomous health infrastructure that can withstand future crises and reduce dependency on external aid. They argue, “Without lifting restrictions on medical imports, ensuring safe passage for medical personnel, and establishing pathways for local governance over health policy, any reconstruction effort will remain precarious.” here

Palestinian Center for Human Rights: On International Women’s Day: Gaza’s Women- Victims of Genocide and International Silence, Women in Gaza bear the consequences of the crime of genocide, including the loss of their beloved ones, severe injuries, lack of shelter, destruction of livelihoods, collapse of the healthcare system, starvation policy, and the absence of bare necessities for a decent life. The ceasefire was declared about a month and a half ago, but the genocidal war continues its slow killing, with its effects still ravaging women’s bodies and souls, writing chapters of pain and suffering unseen before in the modern history. here

2024 in the West Bank – The Year of Annexation and Expulsion Settlement Watch Team, Peace Now, here

Article

The fabricated panic over antisemitism in the U.S. medical community conceals an attack on Palestinians. False charges of antisemitism in the U.S. healthcare community are spreading anti-Palestinian racism and doing irreparable harm to our work and obligation as healers. (by Alice Rothchild) here

UN on the renewed Israeli siege of Gaza

3/10, Humanitarian Coordinator Muhannad Hadi stated: “The entry of humanitarian assistance into Gaza has been halted for 9 consecutive days. Humanitarian aid in Gaza is a lifeline for over 2 million Palestinians who have endured unimaginable conditions for many months. A sustained supply of aid is indispensable to their survival.

“International humanitarian law is clear: civilians' essential needs must be met, including through the unimpeded entry and distribution of humanitarian assistance. The entry of lifesaving aid must resume immediately. Any further delays will further reverse any progress we have managed to achieve during the ceasefire.

“The ceasefire must hold. The parties must fulfill their obligations under international law. Hostages must be released. Humanitarian assistance must be allowed in.”

Podcast

Assessing Trump’s Gaza Expulsion Fantasy: On this episode of On the Nose, Jewish Currents senior reporter Alex Kane spoke to Mouin Rabbani, a co-editor of Jadaliyya, and Tariq Kenney-Shawa, US policy fellow at Al-Shabaka, about situating this moment in the long history of Palestinians displacement, whether and how a Trump ethnic cleansing plan is likely to unfold, and how it will impact the ceasefire in Gaza. here

GAZA

The Israeli refusal to allow any humanitarian aid into Gaza continues. It began on 3/2, violating international law and jeopardizing progress made after the 1/19 ceasefire.

Killed: 48,503 + (98 this week, 74 of whom were corpses unearthed in the rubble)

Injured: 111,927+ (92 this week)

Israeli soldiers killed in Gaza: 407 (0 this week)

Israeli soldiers injured in Gaza: 2,583 (1 this week)

Hostages in Gaza: 59

Gaza Information Ministry: 14,000+ still missing in Gaza are now classified as killed, which brings their estimate of the death toll to over 62,000.

March 2025 Israel Prison Service (IPS) data lists: 9,406 Palestinians in Israeli custody, including 1,486 sentenced prisoners, 2,960 remand detainees, 3,405 administrative detainees (held without trial), and 1,555 “unlawful combatants.” These figures do not include Palestinians from Gaza still detained by the Israeli military since 10/2023.

For more Gaza data: here

Weeks after Israeli withdrawal, Gazans still search for the missing in Netzarim. Thousands of Palestinians have made the arduous journey across Gaza’s central corridor, as Civil Defense workers slowly uncover human remains.

Health & Hospitals

• 2/1-3/10, WHO supported medical evacuation of 1,473 patients (579 children) and 2,223 companions from Gaza. 30% suffer from trauma injuries; 21% from cancer. 3/4, WHO reported the first medical evacuations to Jordan since the ceasefire: 29 children and 43 companions. About 12-14,000 people (4,500 children) urgently need medical evacuation.

• UNFPA warns that blockage of aid into Gaza jeopardizes sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and scaling up gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, mitigation and response. More than half a million women remain without adequate access to family planning, treatment for sexually transmitted infections and postnatal care. Despite efforts to address hygiene needs since the ceasefire, UNFPA estimates that at least 690,000 women and girls lack sustained access to essential hygiene items, with the majority also deprived of privacy, clean water, and secure sanitation facilities, heightening risks of infections and worsening health conditions.

• As of 3/9, only 16% of health service points in North Gaza are fully or partially functional (60% of hospitals, 12% of medical points, 15% of primary health centers). In Rafah, only 11% of health service points are functional (33% of field hospitals, 6% of medical points, 27% of PHCs).

• 3/10, MoH Director of Medical Imaging, Mr. Ibrahim Abbas, stated that patients are deprived of diagnostic medical imaging services, since equipment was largely destroyed, presenting a significant challenge for medical teams. Coupled with the dearth of medical equipment, the Health Cluster reported that the healthcare system in Gaza faces a severe shortage of in-patient bed capacity, particularly in adult and pediatric ICUs, specialized medical personnel, essential medical supplies and consumables including those for laboratory services, and ambulances for patient referrals.

Food & Nutrition

• Food security depends on the entry of aid supplies. 3/7- 8, 6 of 25 WFP bakeries (5 in Khan Younis, 1 in Deir al Balah) closed due the lack of cooking gas caused by the 3/2 supply halt.

• Israeli occupation forces continue to block humanitarian aid to Gaza as Palestinian sources report three killed, while Doctors Without Borders denounce the use of aid as a bargaining chip.

• Suleiman al-Najjar, 56, returned to his farm east of Khan Younis on 1/22 and found that his land was in a dire state. “Since the first day, I found remnants of shells and shrapnel in the dirt, some buried, some visible on the surface,” he said. “But the disaster is not only in this waste, but in the toxins left in the soil.” A report from the Environment Quality Authority, a governmental agency, stated that the Israeli occupation army has dropped more than 85,000 tons of bombs on the Gaza Strip since October 2023. Ashraf al-Turk, an official at the Environment Quality Authority: the Israeli raids polluted the soil and that this could affect agricultural production for decades.

International Women’s Day: Celebration?

• Since October 2023, women in Gaza have endured immense hardships, struggling to survive after losing partners, family members, homes, access to services, and any semblance of normal life. About 13,900 women have become widows. They bear the burden of providing for their children amid worsening economic conditions and widespread destruction. “Mothers in [the] Gaza Strip live between daily nightmares and entrenched depression,” and are “struggling to secure their basic needs such as food and water, while being also unable to provide the necessary healthcare for their injured children due to the collapse of Gaza's health system.” See the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) report here issued on the eve of International Women's Day.

• On International Women’s Day, March 8, Palestinian groups sounded the alarm over the mistreatment of Palestinian women and the international silence regarding their collective plight. In addition to children, Palestinian women are the principal victims of Israeli crimes, including systematic violence such as bombing, daily massacres, displacement, deportation, arrest, and torture in prisons.

• Amidst the ruins, flowers bloom: the resilience of Gaza’s women: despite facing destruction, and the loss of loved ones, Palestinian mothers and daughters demonstrate extraordinary courage as they struggle to create normalcy from the ruins of their former lives.

Water & Sanitation

• Israel cut off electricity to Gaza on 3/9. Without electricity, the South Gaza Desalination plant can only provide about 2,500 cubic meters of water per day, an 86% decrease in drinking water for 600,000 people in Deir al Balah and Khan Younis.

• Israeli Energy Minister Eli Cohen said that he signed a government warrant ordering the Israel Electric Corporation to cut off electricity to Gaza. Following previous government directives, the only electricity Israel currently sells to Gaza was for its wastewater treatment plant. The mayor of Deir al-Balah, Nizar Ayyash, said Israel's decision to cut off electricity to Gaza's desalination plant reduced the water supply to central and southern Gaza by 70%. The head of the Gaza Energy Authority, Jalal Ismail, said in an interview with Israel's Radio Ashams that there is no electricity in Gaza and that all the infrastructure has been destroyed.

• Approximately 70% of water that moves through the dilapidated and damaged distribution networks is lost due to leaks. Israeli constraints on bringing in the appropriate materials and supplies needed to conduct repairs must end.

• Challenges to solid waste management create unsanitary living conditions and exacerbate public health risks. 80% of the vehicles and containers required to run collection services have been destroyed or damaged, repair parts remain unavailable. 30 temporary dump sites are mostly full, and 70 “spontaneous” sites fester. Israeli authorities refuse access to the 2 main landfills (Juhor ad Dik and Sofa) and refuse entry to equipment and supplies. Inadequate management of infectious medical waste and mixing solid waste with debris contaminated with explosive hazards further aggravates environmental conditions and public health risks.

Clearing rubble from housing and road destruction

• The unprecedented destruction of buildings and infrastructure in Gaza has resulted in 41-47 million tons of rubble. World Bank estimates: 81% of primary, secondary, and tertiary roads have been damaged or destroyed; as have 62% of the total housing stock. Rubble and debris removal is critical to reopening blocked roads, facilitating movement, reducing hazards, and enabling the delivery of humanitarian aid. The UNDP notes a severe shortage of heavy machinery and space to store and operate equipment, a critical shortage of lubricants, rubble volume that exceeds existing clearance capacity, and contamination with explosive ordnance or asbestos. The United Nations Environment Program estimates 2.3 million tons of debris are potentially contaminated with asbestos. A critical aspect of debris clearance is the dignified removal and documentation of an estimated 10,000 bodies buried under the rubble, along with disposal of thousands of bombs and ammunition deeply buried and/or unexploded.

• As of 3/10, 18 explosive incidents killed 3 (2 children) and injured 38 (18 children). The majority of incidents result from displaced people returning to damaged buildings and previously inaccessible areas. However, clearance and disposal of Explosive Ordnance remains impossible due to the lack of resources and lack of permission from Israeli authorities.

• A March needs assessment by the Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children reported several rehabilitation organizations had been directly attacked, and 5 specializing in disability services were irreversibly damaged. This has affected physical therapy, assistive devices, and psychosocial support services, leaving thousands, particularly People with Disabilities, without care. The overwhelming majority of displacement sites and current residences have serious accessibility barriers, especially for girls, and needs of PwD are not considered or met in an accessible or inclusive manner. Rubble is an obvious impediment to movement, creating accessibility barriers to services and posing dangers to families and children. Finally, the survey highlighted key impacts of the conflict on children: 75% reporting a noticeable deterioration in the health condition of their children, and 81% reporting increased violent behavior and hyperactivity.

Education

• As of 3/11, about 655 of 658,000 school-aged children have access to some form of learning, including 631 Temporary Learning Spaces supporting more than 172,871 students, re-opened MoE schools, and MoE/ UNRWA remote learning programs where 70% of the 250,000 children enrolled are utilizing the digital platform. Still, 1/3 of Gaza’s children remain cut off from any type of education.

Prisoners

• The detained Gaza hospital director, Dr. Hussam Abu Safiya, spent 14 days in the notorious Sde Teiman prison, and 25 days in solitary confinement in the Ofer prison, since he was abducted last December, according to an attorney who met with him recently. “The torture he was subjected to was very difficult. At one point he was subjected to an interrogation that lasted 13 consecutive days, and each interrogation lasted about 8 to 10 hours,” Attorney Ghaida Qasem said.

THE WEST BANK, INCLUDING EAST JERUSALEM

This week, Israeli forces killed 4 Palestinians and injured 62 (12 children).

Killed since October 2023: 1,062 (224 children) and injured: 16,650 (2,572 children).

For more detail: here

Israeli attacks

• 3/4, Israeli forces shot and killed an 18-year-old Palestinian near Homesh checkpoint (between Nablus and Jenin governorates) and withheld his body.

• 3/4, Israeli forces operating in Jenin shot and killed 2. One was killed trying to return home and the other exchanged fire with Israeli forces, who withheld his body.

• 3/10, an Israeli armored vehicle killed a man on a motorcycle in a Jenin intersection.

• 3/10, PA forces shot and killed a 16-year-old in Jenin. He was pursued in unmarked vehicles, shot in the head and chest, arrested, and taken to a hospital where he was declared dead.

• Israeli soldiers in Hebron are using religious symbols like the Star of David to humiliate Palestinian students and residents, exacerbating the daily struggles of life under military occupation.

Settler Attacks

This week, settlers carried out 16 attacks against Palestinians, injuring 2, damaging (380 olive and fruit trees) and stealing (1400 sheep and goats) property.

• 3/6, settlers were grazing livestock on Palestinian farmland near Rantis (Ramallah) when Palestinians drove them off. Israeli forces then arrived and shot man in the leg.

• 3/7, in the Ras 'Ein al 'Auja Bedouin community (Jericho), dozens of armed Israeli settlers protected by Israeli forces attacked Palestinians residents, injuring a man, stealing 1,400 livestock, killing 12 goats, and damaging 3 houses and solar panels. Several settlers broke into homes to mix their sheep with Palestinian livestock. The injured man had attempted to stop the settlers and was restrained by Israeli police while settlers beat him. He was then detained and accused of stealing 50 sheep but was released after 2 days and taken for medical treatment.

• 3/9, armed settlers dressed in military uniforms attacked Palestinians praying in a mosque in Khirbet Tana, Nablus. They assaulted the villagers, ordered them to present their ID cards, forced them out, and vandalized the mosque's electrical system.

• 3/9, settlers vandalized 300 olive trees in Rujeib village (Nablus), threw stones and soil into a water well, and damaged a 30m stone wall.

• 3/10, Palestinians threw stones at a vehicle near Odala (Nablus), injuring an infant treated by Israeli medical teams at the scene.

• On the 1st Friday of Ramadan, 3/7, Israeli access restrictions prevented thousands from reaching holy sites. Access to East Jerusalem and the H2 area of Hebron was based on age, gender, and possession of Israeli-issued permits. Hundreds of metal barriers controlled movement. In the Old City, Israeli forces checked IDs and searched Palestinians at the Al Aqsa Mosque, denying access to hundreds, especially young men. In Hebron, access to Al Ibrahimi Mosque was channeled through 1 of 3 checkpoints, admitting males between 27 and 50 years with inspection, and males over 50 and all females without inspection. The Al Muhtaseb roadblock was shut for the 2nd year in a row, increasing congestion at other checkpoints.

• 3/4-9, Israeli forces raided 10 mosques across the West Bank. In Bruqin village (Salfit), they stole security camera footage. They raided 8 mosques in Nablus, setting a fire in one and preventing firefighters access for almost an hour, leaving the mosque engulfed in flames. Israeli forces raided the Al Aqsa Mosque and confiscated 2 loudspeakers, disrupting the call to prayer.

• 3/8, Israeli forces raided Al Ahli Hospital in Hebron, detaining security guards, arresting the security chief, and confiscating hospital surveillance equipment.

• 3/11, Israeli forces raided the Educational Bookshop in East Jerusalem for the 2nd time in 2 months. They searched, confiscated dozens of books, and arrested one of the owners.

Demolitions & Displacement

This week, Israeli authorities demolished 51 Palestinian-owned structures for lack of Israeli-issued building permits, displacing 44 people (22 children) and affecting 2000 people.

• 3/5, Israeli authorities demolished 3 homes on punitive grounds, displacing 10 (2 children) 1 home in Rafat (Jerusalem) and 2 in Hebron.

• 71 structures were demolished during the first 10 days of Ramadan, an increase of 10-100% over the entire month of Ramadan of the past 3 years. Historically, Israeli authorities reduced demolitions during Ramadan, but since 2024, there has been a sharp rise.

Developments in northern West Bank

The Israeli operation, begun on 1/21, has entered its 8th week, with 74 Palestinians and 5 Israelis killed. Tens of thousands have been displaced from Jenin, Tulkarm and Nur Shams refugee camps, which are almost deserted.

• Access restrictions prevent residents and NGOs from getting into Tulkarm where bulldozers and explosion activity has been heard and the demolition of 41 residential was announced.

• 3/12, the Israeli military returned to Qabatiya (Jenin) after previous operations 2/23-25. Bulldozing caused the loss of water for 10 hours. Also on 3/12, Israeli operations expanded to Arraba (Jenin) where 70 people were detained and interrogated.

• Since 3/10, operations in Jenin have killed 5 and displaced over 100 families (500 people). 3/11, Israeli forces shot and killed 4 people, including a 58-year-old woman working in a greenhouse. They also detained her son and two grandsons (7 and 12 years old). The woman’s body and the children were later handed over to the Red Crescent at Al Jalameh checkpoint.

• UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) stated on 3/7: “The killings increasingly demonstrate an alarming disregard for Palestinian lives with high prevalence of unlawful killings. As there are no hostilities in the West Bank, the international human rights law standards on the use of force in law enforcement operations apply. Instead, Israel now routinely resorts to using tactics and weapons developed for war fighting, including the deployment of airstrikes and tanks.” 3/12, OHCHR added that the Palestinian Authority uses unlawful force against West Bank Palestinians during demonstrations and other situations, calling for it to prevent, repress and punish all violations and abuses of international human rights law.

• Extensive damage to water infrastructure during the ongoing Israeli operation in Jenin has cut off water to 30% of the eastern neighborhoods (3,000 people) for a week. Western neighborhoods have also been subject to cuts, and 15,000 people now rely on water trucking.

• NGOs continue to provide child protection interventions to more than 2,400 children and 2,300 caregivers, including psychosocial first aid, case management, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), child protection awareness sessions, referrals to specialists, recreational activities for children, and legal services. Many displaced families struggle to cover basic needs –food, shelter, water, and clothes – which increases child protection risks, including child labor and child marriage. However, scale-up of services is limited by Israeli barriers to access and lack of information about the displacement of families to a variety of spontaneous shelters.

• WHO reports access restrictions for health workers and ambulances affect health services and medicines access. Damage was reported to 20 now non-functioning health points and other infrastructure, leading to water contamination and shortages. Electric and water disruption compromise the cold chain of storing medicine. Urgent health needs include essential medicines, localized trauma capacities and supplies, access to sexual, reproductive, and maternal health services, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory illnesses.

ISRAEL

• Israeli army is developing a new, ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence tool and training it on millions of Arabic conversations obtained through the surveillance of Palestinians in the occupied territories. The AI tool is being built under the auspices of Unit 8200, an elite cyber warfare squad within Israel’s Military Intelligence Directorate. It is what’s known as a Large Language Model (LLM): a machine-learning program capable of analyzing information and generating, translating, predicting, and summarizing text. here

• Israel is actively encouraging UN agencies and other aid groups to take over the work of UNRWA in Gaza, Israel's UN envoy told reporters. He declined to give specifics but said Israel was "encouraging" them to take over, "each one in the field that they specialize in."

• Israeli Knesset debates pulling Israel from the World Health Organization Amid anti-Israel claims. Some MKs spoke in favor of the motion, saying the WHO harms Israel's 'legitimacy as a sovereign state.' Those opposing listed economic and health reasons, including access to information from neighboring enemy states.

• Israeli Minister Idit Silman of Netanyahu's Likud party said the "only solution for the Gaza Strip is to empty it of Gazans" and called the move "realistic." God sent us Trump to build settlements.”

• "Arresting and removing physicians during wartime critically undermines the Gaza's healthcare system's ability to care for the thousands of civilians in urgent need. For these reasons, and out of a sense of commitment to their peers, the Israeli medical community must speak out in protest, demonstrate solidarity, and demand the immediate release of the detained physicians. Regrettably, what we have witnessed instead is a resounding silence – one that is an affront to their colleagues and a breach of their commitments as medical professionals. Israeli physicians should stand up f or their Gazan colleagues, detained and tortured during the war. The IOF has arrested more than 250 Palestinian medical personnel in Gaza; 150 of whom remain in detention in Israel. This is a clear and unabashed violation of international law. here

US

• 3/8, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officers detained Mahmoud Khalil – a recent Columbia University graduate who helped lead the Gaza solidarity encampment – at his New York City home, an apartment building owned by the school, says advocates. At around 8:30 PM, Khalil and his wife – who is eight months pregnant – had just unlocked the door to their building when two plainclothes DHS agents pushed inside behind them. The agents allegedly did not identify themselves at first, instead asking for Khalil’s identity, before then detaining him and placing him in ICE detention. A judge blocked the deportation of Mahmoud Khalil, a graduate student at Columbia University until this past December who holds permanent US residency, He is being detained by US immigration authorities at a facility in Louisiana after his arrest. here

• Let us be clear: Mahmoud Khalil is a political prisoner—detained not for any recognizable crime, but for criticizing Israel. This effort won’t stop with Palestine activists. The government and elite institutions are trying to create a new legal and political reality in which they can just sweep away anyone who challenges their ideology or their mission. here

• The Attack on Mahmoud Khalil Is Straight Out of the “War on Terror” Playbook. Past administrations handed Trump the tools of fascism, from the Department of Homeland Security to mass surveillance. here

• 98 people were arrested in New York in Jewish Voice for Peace protest against Mahmoud Khalil’s arrest. Demonstrators held up banners as they chanted, "Bring Mahmoud home now!" One protester said the building – with its golden escalator that Trump rode before announcing his 2016 presidential run – was a symbolic target. New York police detained close to 100 protesters during the sit-in at the Trump Tower who demanded the release of Columbia University graduate and activist Mahmoud Khalil. “As Jews, we are taking over the Trump Tower to register our mass refusal,” the movement f on X. “We will not stand by as this fascist regime attempts to criminalize Palestinians and all those calling for an end to the Israeli government’s US-funded genocide of the Palestinian people. And we will never stop fighting for a free Palestine.”

• 3/13, Assistant Professor of Medicine Rasha Alawieh was held at Boston Logan International Airport after visiting her family in Lebanon. Returning from the trip, she was in possession of a valid H-1B visa she recently received from the American consulate in Beirut, the filing said. An H-1B visa allows employers to hire foreign workers for positions that require specialty knowledge. The petition claims Alawieh, who also works for Brown Medicine’s Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, is being held “without any justification” or permission to access legal counsel. The filing attests that the State Department and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service approved her visa, and the reason why she was held by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection remains unclear. U.S. District Judge Leo Sorokin ordered that Alawieh not be moved outside of Massachusetts without providing the court 48 hours’ notice of the move and the reasoning behind it, but she was deported to Paris. here

• 3/14, A second person who took part in pro-Palestinian protests at Columbia University has been arrested by U.S. immigration agents, after overstaying a student visa. The person, identified by the authorities as Leqaa Kordia, is Palestinian and from the West Bank. She was arrested in Newark 3/13. Her student visa was terminated in January 2022, and she was arrested by the New York City police last April for her role in a campus demonstration, the Homeland Security Department said in a statement.

• 3/14 The agency also released a video it said showed a Columbia student, identified as Ranjani Srinivasan, preparing to enter Canada after her student visa was revoked. The announcements, by Kristi Noem, the homeland security secretary, reflected an escalation of the Trump administration’s focus on Columbia, where protests over the war in Gaza last year ignited a national debate over free speech and antisemitism, and prompted similar demonstrations at dozens of other campuses.

SOURCES

OCHAOPT, Mondoweiss, The Lancet, Haaretz, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Palestine Chronicle, Zeteo, The Guardian, Brown Daily Herald, Morning Star, Palestine Chronicle, Electronic Intifada, Palestinian Center for Human Rights, +972, AP News