Urgent health update: Consequences of war on Gaza, West Bank/East Jerusalem 2/8/25

JOURNALS & REPORTS

As a medical intern in Gaza, I have stepped out of the classroom and onto the front line. here, here BMJ 2025; 388 doi: (Published 06 February 2025)

Access to health care in the occupied West Bank has been severely hindered by a widespread network of Israeli checkpoints and roadblocks, which impede the movement of ambulances and emergency medical teams, according to a report published by Doctors Without Borders (MSF). The situation is reportedly worsened by violent military raids that use disproportionate tactics, making it increasingly difficult for healthcare providers to reach those in need. here

On the quantification of military violence in Gaza,: A failure to acknowledge more fully the impact of direct violence in Gaza by the Israeli military, as sanctioned by the State of Israel, has arguably delayed meaningful global efforts to prevent further death and destruction; this situation, in our opinion, has been to the dereliction of our collective responsibility to prevent what we believe to be genocide.
The Lancet p440-442 February 08, 2025 Vol 405 February 8, 2025 here

The Israeli army intensively bombarded residential areas in Gaza when it lacked intelligence on the exact location of Hamas commanders hiding underground, and intentionally weaponized toxic byproducts of bombs to suffocate militants in their tunnels. here

“The real goal behind banning UNRWA is not only weakening or decimating the refugee camps for what they represent as a living physical remembrance of the Nakba — there is a larger goal: to end the international presence in Palestine.”“ When UNRWA was established in 1949, another UN body was also established; the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP). Its goal was to ensure the implementation of UN Resolution 181, ruling that Palestinian refugees have the right to return and compensation. That is the legal part of the protection of refugees under International Law, which includes the Right to Return, reparations, property retribution, and the guarantee of non-repetition.” here

YOUTUBE

This is Gaza here

GAZA

Since the Gaza ceasefire began on 1/19, 4 exchanges have released 18 hostages to Israel and 583 Palestinian detainees. UN and other aid organizations have sent critically needed goods in Gaza, including food for over 1 million people.

Killed: 47,540 + (123 this week, 113 of whom were corpses unearthed in the rubble)

Injured: 111,618+ (47 this week)

Israeli soldiers killed in Gaza: 405 (0 this week)

Israeli soldiers injured in Gaza: 2,572

Hostages in Gaza: 79

The Gaza Information Ministry said that more than 14,000 people are still missing in Gaza, adding that it has decided to classify the missing as killed, which by their estimate brings the updated death toll in the Strip to over 61,700.

January 2025 Israel Prison Service (IPS) data lists: 9,846 Palestinians in Israeli custody, including 1,734 sentenced prisoners, 2,941 remand detainees, 3,369 administrative detainees (held without trial), and 1,802 “unlawful combatants.” These figures do not include Palestinians from Gaza detained by the Israeli military since 10/2023. The Red Cross issued a statement saying they reminded Israel and Hamas that the handovers of hostages and detainees should be carried out "safely and with dignity." Earlier, a security source said that Red Cross workers had expressed outrage as Palestinian prisoners were being led out with handcuffed hands locked above their heads.

For more Gaza data: here

Israeli attacks

• 1/30, Palestinian boy was shot and killed in Gaza City.

• 1/31, 19-year-old fisherman was shot and killed off the coast of An Nuseirat Refugee Camp, Deir al Balah.

• 2/2, a man was killed in eastern Rafah.

• 2/2, 1 child was killed and 4 injured when Israeli fire hit a car on Al Rasheed Road.

Health & Hospitals

• Dr. Munir al-Bursh, the Director General of the Ministry of Health in the Gaza Strip, urgently called for increased international pressure on the Israeli occupation to allow medical teams to enter northern Gaza and assist in saving the lives of residents. He highlighted the devastating impact of the destruction of hospitals, which has contributed to the deaths of tens of thousands of people.

• Al-Bursh explained that the Israeli occupation continues to severely delay the humanitarian provisions outlined in the ceasefire agreement, particularly the entry of essential medical supplies, medicines, equipment, and electricity generators into Gaza. He emphasized that the delay in transferring field hospitals and medical equipment from southern Gaza to the north is exacerbating the health crisis, where medical services have nearly completely halted.

• 2/1, medical evacuations restarted: 105 patients (100 children) and 176 companions left through Rafah into Egypt. The WHO estimates 12,000-14,000 people still require evacuation.

• European Union has restarted its civilian mission to monitor the border crossing at Rafah as the key transit point between Gaza and Egypt for medical evacuations.

• Hundreds of wounded Palestinians began leaving Gaza for Egypt and then to other countries for medical treatment. Israel will allow dozens of Gazans to leave daily to receive medical treatment in Egypt as part of the cease-fire deal. As first reported in Haaretz, it will also allow the departure of about 50 Hamas militants per day, each of whom are entitled to three escorts. The departure will take place from Rafah crossing, where patients will be received by Egyptian medical teams.

• As of 2/4, 25 emergency medical teams operate across Gaza: 22 in central and southern Gaza, 2 in Gaza City, and 1 in the North.

• UNRWA currently provides 40% of primary health care in the Gaza Strip. They distributed 370 pallets of essential medications (including 8-month supplies of insulin for 17,000 diabetics) as well as laboratory and dental supplies to UNRWA-run health facilities in Deir al Balah, Nuseirat, and Al Mawasi and the Beach Health Center in Gaza, where services were restored this week. Over 1,000 UNRWA health staff provided 13,768 health consultations on 1/25 alone. The ongoing uncertainty regarding UNRWA’s ability to continue operating in Gaza is major concern because of the impact this would have on health care delivery.

• Israeli limitations on entry of critical “dual-use” supplies (generators, spare parts, and medical equipment) remain a major challenge to scaling up and restoring health services.

• A polio risk assessment was completed. Discussions within the Polio Technical Committee, WHO and MoH will determine next steps, perhaps another polio vaccination campaign.

• Disease and illness are a hidden toll of the Gaza genocide. From hepatitis to scabies and food poisoning, the war has caused countless heartbreaking ailments with devastating and sometimes deadly consequences on the fragile health of Palestinians in Gaza

Movement & Displacement

• Since 1/27, 565,082 people have moved from southern to northern Gaza. Vulnerable groups include pregnant or breastfeeding women, the elderly, people with disabilities, wounded or chronically ill patients, and unaccompanied children. Aid workers distributed more than 30,000 identification bracelets to children under 4 years old to prevent family separation, as NGOs report assisting more than 250 young children who had become separated. 30 ambulances and 3 medical points are also assisting people on the move.

• Since 1/30, another 45,678 people have moved south due to the lack of services and the overwhelming destruction of northern homes and communities.

• The need for food, water, tents and shelter materials in the north remains critical. The Red Crescent reported delivery of 3,000 tents on 2/3, with an additional 7,000 to arrive soon. Despite receiving security approvals for Emergency Shelter Kits (ESKs), challenges persist in bringing them into Gaza, due to scanning, palletization and truck loading restrictions.

• US cut-off of aid has affected Site Management partners from deploying sufficient and skilled personnel to support the movement of Palestinians in Gaza.

Food & Nutrition

• Over the past 2 weeks, the World Food Program (WFP) delivered more than 10 million metric tons of food reaching 1 million people with food parcels. Bakeries and community kitchens continue to re-open and increase production.

• Food (and non-food) prices have started to decline, although they remain significantly higher than pre-October 2023 levels. 1/3 of households report improved access to food, but consumption and variety remain low. Damaged infrastructure and security concerns result in transportation challenges and stock shortages.

• Nutrition sites are reopening across Gaza and supplies of ready to use therapeutic food (RUTF) and milk (F100/F75) are mostly available for both out- and inpatient treatment of malnutrition. The WFP blanket supplementary feeding program has expanded to cover 85,332 children 6 months-5 years old, and 37,175 pregnant and breastfeeding women (PBW). As of 2/1, malnutrition screening for children and PBW occured at 162 sites. During January, 34,000 children were screened and 1,150 cases of acute malnutrition entered treatment programs.

• UNRWA accounts for nutrition services at over 20% of the 162 nutrition sites currently operational. A disruption to UNRWA would severely impact nutrition.

• Food Security partners report that most inputs needed for the resumption of agricultural activities (seed kits, organic fertilizers, nylon sheeting) have been denied entry, preventing improving dietary diversity and addressing food gaps. About 310 tons of animal feed is being distributed to help households with livestock sustain surviving animals and contribute to the local production of fresh, nutritious food, such as meat and dairy products.

• FAO satellite imaging shows 75% of Gaza’s cropland and orchards damaged or destroyed. Over half of the greenhouses and 2/3 of wells were damaged. Livestock losses reached 96%, with 1% of poultry still alive and the fishing sector on the brink of collapse. FAO notes that “rebuilding Gaza’s agricultural sector will be extremely expensive and will take years, if not decades.”

Water & Sanitation

• Throughout Gaza, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) partners are trucking more water to increase accessibility and meet needs caused by the high levels of damage to water facilities or their inaccessible locations in buffer zones. 2 desalination plants are operational while the 3rd, Bani Saeed Mekorot (Deir al Balah) was put out of service by military activities in the buffer zone. Massive destruction, unstable fuel supply and lack of equipment and repair materials (e.g. spare parts, cement, pipes) limit abilities to carry out needed repairs and emergency services, including re-connecting buildings to sewage networks and establishing latrines.

• In Rafah, 50% of 38 ground water wells outside the Israeli buffer zone are accessible, but only 5% are functional. The wastewater treatment plant, 5 of 6 sewage pumping stations, and 5 of 6 stormwater basins are now inaccessible and non-functional.

• Israeli authorities continue to deny access to the Sofa landfill, now located in a buffer zone, preventing the safe transfer of solid waste. In Khan Younis Deir al Balah and Gaza governorates, partners are transferring waste to temporary sites of which 50% are already filling up.

• WASH Cluster partners finalized a plan for the closure of latrine pits and the cleaning of vacated displacement camps, which are priority public health activities in Al Masawi area.

Education

• Israel continues to restrict the entry of educational supplies, considering them non-humanitarian items, leaving many children without access to essential learning opportunities and exacerbating the challenges of inadequate temporary learning spaces. One education partner has supplies for 465,000 children in Jordan but is restricted from bringing them to Gaza.

• As of 2/1, 280,000 school-aged children are registered in UNRWA’s e-learning program.

• Most school sites still host IDPs, making them difficult to rehabilitate and use for learning.

Ordnance and War Debris

• Lack of funding for equipment and access for personnel prevent Mine Action (MA) partners from conducting disposal operations. When Explosive Ordnance is found, it is marked with warning messages. To mitigate risks and enable the scale-up of humanitarian response, MA partners are limited to carrying out hazard assessments (completing 41 this past week), escorting convoys along access routes, raising awareness, and distributing safe practices information via print materials, posters, radio and SMS.

Aid

• Between 1/19-2/1, 12 convoys of 329 trucks left Amman and passed through Erez West Crossing (Zikim) with 3,000 tons of food, WASH, health, nutrition, and shelter items. The Logistics Cluster has facilitated 116 inter-agency convoys from Jordan corridor, consisting of 1,652 trucks with 16,213 tons of aid.

• The Logistics Cluster secured 1,700 sq.m. of additional temporary storage in north Gaza and is planning to expand warehouse capacity in central and northern areas next week.

• Israeli authorities removed customs clearance requirements for humanitarian cargo for certain convoys, simplifying transit from Jordan. However, congestion at the crossings causes delays.

• Israel’s prevention of fuel from entering Gaza has caused a comprehensive humanitarian disaster,” Ismail Thawabta, director of the Government Media Office. He said that this humanitarian disaster has taken the form of “the breakdown of vehicles, forcing residents to resort to primitive means such as carts” as primary means of transportation. “What is even more painful is that this war has forced many young men and children to work pulling these carts after losing their animals due to repeated Israeli raids,” he said. This, in turn, “increases their physical and psychological suffering.”

• Hamas has accused Israel of deliberately obstructing the entry of critical aid to Gaza, stating that the delays violate the ceasefire agreement and exacerbate the humanitarian crisis.

THE WEST BANK, INCLUDING EAST JERUSALEM

The ceasefire and lessening of violence in Gaza seem to have increased already high levels of Israeli violence in the northern West Bank. In Jenin and Tulkarm, 32,000 Palestinians have been displaced from refugee camps. Israeli attacks on Jenin and Thabet Thabet Governmental Hospitals follow the patterns of the attacks on Gaza’s health system.

This week, Israeli forces killed 23 Palestinians (2 children) and injured 150 (32 children).

Killed since October 2023: 1042 (220 children) and injured: 16,482 (2,545 children).

Israeli deaths: 1 soldier was killed this week in Jenin; 5 injured.

For more detail: here

Israeli attacks

• 1/28, during a raid in Tulkarm City, Israeli forces shot and killed a man sitting at a car wash and injured a journalist.

• 1/29, 2 Israeli drone strikes hit a residential building’s front yard, killing 10 (1 child), in Tammun town, Tubas.

• 1/30, undercover Israeli forces shot and killed a man walking with his wife and children in Nablus, also injuring his 7-year-old daughter.

• 2/1, Israeli airstrikes killed 3 (1 child) and injured 2 (1 child) in Jenin City. The 1st strike hit near a residence; 3 hours later, a 2nd strike killed a man on a motorbike and a nearby nurse.

• 2/1, Israeli airstrike killed 2 and injured 7 (1 child) in Qabatiya, Jenin.

• 2/1, Israeli forces shot and killed a 51-year-old man and injured 15 in Tulkarm refugee camp.

• 2/2, Israeli forces shot and killed a man and injured 4 (2 children) in Al 'Arrub refugee camp, Hebron. During the operation, Palestinians threw stones and the military responded with live ammunition, rubber-coated bullets and tear gas.

• 2/2, Israeli forces shot and killed a 73-year-old man displaced from and checking his home in Jenin refugee camp.

• 2/4, 2 Israeli soldiers were killed and 6 injured by an armed Palestinian at the Israeli military tower at Tayasir checkpoint, Tubas. The shooter was killed, his body withheld by Israeli forces.

Settler Attacks

This week, settlers carried out 17 attacks against Palestinians, injuring 4 (2 children) and damaging property (5 vehicles, 50 olive trees).

• 1/31, a settler protected by Israeli forces grazed his livestock near Palestinian homes in Al Mughayyir village (Ramallah). When Palestinians shouted at the settler to leave, Israeli forces fired live ammunition, wounding 2 children.

• 2/1, a herder was assaulted and left unconscious by 4 armed settlers in Nahhalin village (Bethlehem). Israeli forces brought him to a Red Crescent ambulance and he was hospitalized.

• 2/2, 2 masked settlers started a fire in Al Mu'arrajat East Bedouin community (Jericho), burning a mosque and a tractor.

• 2/3, armed settlers attacked the community of Susiya with stones and tools, breaking 2 windows and damaging a vehicle, a tractor, 2 water tanks, and a surveillance camera.

• Settlers are increasing attacks on Bedouin herding communities in West Bank Area C. For example, in Al Mu’arrajat East Bedouin community (Jericho), the number of settler incidents rose from 3 (in both 2021 and 2022) to 20 (2023) and 74 (2024), with increases in harassment, intimidation, and access restrictions rising from 3 to 60 incidents. In Susiya, (southern Hebron) incidents rose from 5 (2021) to 33 (2024), damaging agricultural and livestock structures and olive groves. Near-daily episodes of intimidation, night raids, threats, and property destruction seem designed to drive Palestinians out. From 10/2023-12/2024, 1,762 Palestinians were displaced (856 children) in Bedouin and herding communities across the West Bank.

Demolitions & Displacement

This week, Israeli authorities demolished 38 Palestinian-owned structures for lack of Israeli-issued building permits, displacing 79 people (44 children) and affecting 170 people (13 children). Over the past 2 years, Israeli authorities demolished more than 430 structures in East Jerusalem: 222 were homes, displacing over 1,200 Palestinians (590 children).

• 1/30, Israeli legislation targeting UNRWA went into effect, including a no-contact policy between UNRWA and Israeli authorities. UNRWA was forced to vacate its compound in East Jerusalem. All international UNRWA staff in the West Bank had their visas revoked and withdrew under protest in January. They continue to work remotely. UNRWA’s West Bank operations continue, including service delivery in East Jerusalem: 6 schools, 1 vocational training center, 2 health centers in East Jerusalem, and the Shu’fat refugee camp. While open, UNRWA staff face an increasingly hostile environment.

Developments in the northern West Bank

• Since Israel launched a large-scale operation in Jenin on 1/21, 39 Palestinians have been killed: 25 in Jenin, 10 in Tubas, and 4 in Tulkarm. Israeli forces extended the violence to Tulkarm City and its 2 refugee camps on 1/27, driving several households from the camp and turning the houses into military posts. 2/3, Israeli forces raided El Far’a refugee camp, Tubas, blocking entrances and preventing entry or exit. The made house-to-house searches in Tammun town, Tubas, and caused destruction to homes and infrastructure and large-scale displacement.

• Over 90% of Jenin refugee camp’s 20,000 residents have been displaced by IDF and PA actions to Jenin city and surrounding villages over the past 2 months. Now 90% of Tulkarm refugee camp’s 13,000 residents have also been displaced. So have 18 families from Tammun and 100 families from El Far'a refugee camp, both in Tubas.

• 2/2, Israeli forces detonated 23 residential structures in Jenin refugee camp, affecting more than 50 families. An UNRWA statement noted: “In a split-second yesterday, large swathes of Jenin camp were completely destroyed in a series of controlled detonations... In the last months, Jenin camp has been rendered a ghost town.” The UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) also stated: “Controlled explosions reportedly demolished over 20 buildings in Jenin yesterday in violation of international humanitarian law prohibition of destruction by an occupying power. Daily reports of airstrikes and associated fatalities with thousands forcibly displaced indicate ongoing violations of international law... We remind Israel of its international legal obligations and call on it to cease and investigate all serious violations of international law, including all killings, and ensure meaningful accountability.”

• The Israeli army’s ongoing assault on the occupied West Bank has displaced at least 26,000 Palestinians from their homes in the Jenin and Tulkarm refugee camps since last month, according to local officials and humanitarian organizations.

• Israeli forces destroyed 5 km of roads, including those leading to Jenin Governmental Hospital, damaging water pipes feeding the hospital. They surrounded the Jenin Governmental Hospital and Ibn Sina Hospital in Jenin and Thabet Thabet Governmental Hospital in Tulkarm and are searching all entering or exiting the hospitals, including ambulances, hindering medical efforts. Escalating attacks on health care, including hospitals, health workers and ambulances, have been documented by WHO, with 24 attacks on health care documented in January 2025, the majority in Jenin, Tulkarm and Tubas. On 2/2 February, live ammunition was fired at Jenin Governmental Hospital’s chemotherapy ward, damaging walls and breaking windows.

• Mobile clinics have been set up in surrounding villages and 4 UNRWA clinics extended their hours. WHO sent emergency stocks of medicines to 4 main hospitals in Jenin, Tulkarm, Tubas and Nablus. Additional Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services focusing on children, women, caregivers, persons with disabilities and the elderly are being provided.

• 1/19-2/1, PRCS evacuated 4,074 people from Jenin and Tulkarm, assisted 914 families (3,610 people) with aid, and delivered medicines and blood to hospitals.

• 2/4, Israeli forces stopped a Red Crescent ambulance at the entrance of Thabet Governmental Hospital in Tulkarm, delaying it for ½ hour and detaining the EMTs.

Movement Restrictions in H2 area of Hebron

• Access restrictions and incidents continue to intensify in the Israeli- controlled H2 area of Hebron. In January, 26 Palestinians in the H2 area were detained, mostly at checkpoints or returning home, a 50% increase compared to 2024 and 370% increase over 2023. Detentions are prolonged and include assault and injury. Few seek medical treatment upon release for fear of reprisal. Recurrent checkpoint closures affect the movement of thousands of Palestinians. Over the past two years (2023-24), 474 Palestinians were detained in the H2 area of Hebron, compared with 285 detained in 2021 and 2022 combined.

UNRWA & USAID

• UNRWA said that it had significantly scaled up its humanitarian operations in Gaza since the ceasefire began, including delivering more than half a million food parcels in just nine days. The agency said “nearly 370 pallets of essential medications – including insulin syringes sufficient for over 17,000 people suffering from diabetes,” as well as laboratory and dental supplies, “have also been dispatched to UNRWA-run health facilities have been restored this week.” More than 1,000 UNRWA healthcare providers have held appointments with nearly 14,000 patients and have supported solid waste collection efforts in four Gaza municipalities. …However, the Knesset, Israel’s parliament, activated legislation it passed last year to order the UN agency for Palestine refugees, UNRWA, to cease operations 1/30…UNRWA said it has not received any official communication on how the Israeli parliament’s bills banning UNRWA will be implemented.

• UNRWA clinics across the occupied West Bank including East Jerusalem are open while the humanitarian operation in Gaza continues. here

• The Trump administration’s efforts to downsize the United States Agency for International Development have endangered the funding for food, tents and medical treatment for hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in Gaza, according to U.S. officials and workers for humanitarian groups funded by the agency.

• Officials said that the threats to the aid supply chain risked destabilizing the fragile cease-fire agreement between Hamas and Israel, which is contingent on the weekly entry of 4,200 aid and commercial trucks to the territory. here

ISRAEL

• An Israeli army reservist was convicted of abusing Palestinian security detainees at the Sde Teiman detention center and sentenced to seven months in prison by the Beit Lid Military Court. This is the first conviction of a soldier for abusing Gazan detainees.

• 1/29/25, Israel’s Supreme Court rejected a request for an interim injunction filed by Adalah along with its petition challenging two laws aimed at shutting down the operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA). The petition was filed on 1/16/25 by Adalah on behalf of ten Palestinian refugees who will be severely affected by the laws, together with Gisha – The Legal Center for the Freedom of Movement. The petition argues that these laws violate basic human rights and Israel’s obligations under international law, and that their implementation will lead to catastrophic humanitarian consequences.

• Israel’s 2025 public health basket will include new vaccines and early detection tests, focusing on preventive medicine. The committee responsible for adding new drugs and technologies to the national health insurance plan has unveiled 117 new products which will help an estimated Israeli 318,000 people. Its additions to the health plan will come at a cost of 650 million shekels for the year.

• Israel says it “will not participate” in the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), following in the footsteps of the United States, which announced its withdrawal earlier this week.

• B’tselem: For over 15 months, Israel has been waging an all-out war on the entire Palestinian people. Ever since Israel and Hamas announced a temporary ceasefire in the Gaza Strip and a hostage and prisoner release deal three days ago, on 1/19, Israel has intensified its violence against Palestinians in the West Bank. Far from holding its fire against Palestinians, Israel’s actions demonstrate it has no intention of doing so. Instead, it is merely shifting its focus from Gaza to other areas it controls in the West Bank. here

US

• Amid the flurry of executive orders Trump signed on his first day of office, one New York University parent saw an opportunity. Citing an anti-immigration order that included language targeting those who “provide aid, advocacy, or support for foreign terrorists,” Elizabeth Rand posted a call to action on January 21. It’s the latest effort by Rand and the group to push for crackdowns against college students — a campaign that, by her account, has been hugely influential, especially at NYU.

• Three students from Columbia University filed a lawsuit on Monday morning against the school administration for their suspensions related to their pro-Palestine activism on campus. Among the claims in the complaint, the students state that the university violated its own policies during the disciplinary process, that the university targeted the students for their views, and that it violated New York’s landlord tenant laws when it evicted the students from university housing.

• An executive order signed by President Trump orders the U.S. to withdraw from the United Nations Human Rights Council and end U.S. support for UNRWA, the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees. Trump also ordered a review of the U.N.'s cultural agency, UNESCO. This follows Trump's 1/2024 decision to halt billions of dollars of U.N. funding pending a 90-day review.

• In response to Trump’s executive order imposing sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC), Amnesty International’s secretary general condemned the move as “reckless”. “It is vindictive, aggressive, and a brutal step to destroy global rules that aim to deliver justice for all,” adding that the sanctions undermine decades of international progress.

• Trump Administration to Lay Off Nearly All of U.S. Aid Agency’s Staff. Officials for the agency were notified of the planned cuts on the same day they learned that about 800 awards and contracts administered through U.S.A.I.D. were being canceled. here

• A small U.S. security firm is hiring nearly 100 U.S. special forces veterans to help run a checkpoint in Gaza during the Israel-Hamas truce, according to a company spokesperson and a recruitment email seen by Reuters, introducing armed American contractors into the heart of one of the world's most violent conflict zones.

• Trump said US will "take over" Gaza after emptying the embattled enclave of nearly all its native Palestinians, sparking a firestorm of criticism that included allegations of intent to commit ethnic cleansing. This proposal not only constitutes a serious violation of international law and human rights norms but also raises urgent questions about its feasibility and political consequences for the region. If implemented, this plan would be one of the most egregious cases of forced displacement and ethnic cleansing in modern history, drawing widespread condemnation and posing grave risks to regional and global stability.

INTERNATIONAL

• I.C.C. Denounces the Trump Order Imposing Sanctions on It. The International Criminal Court said President Trump’s executive order sought to harm its “independent and impartial judicial work.” Several European countries reaffirmed support for the body. here

SOURCES

OCHAOPT, British Medical Journal, Aljazeera, Electronic Intifada, Mondoweiss, Haaretz, The Intercept, Drop Site News, Palestine Chronicle, Democracy Now, New York Times, Just Vision, Doctors without Borders, Politico, Common Dreams, EJ Magnier, Days of Palestine, the Lancet, +972